Internal-combustion engine



Feb. 27, 1923. 1,447,127

G. H. ENDERBY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 5, 1922 T b sheets-sheet l Feb. 27, 1923.

G. H. ENDERBY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 5, 1922 b sheets-sheet 2 Feb. 27, 1923. 1,447,127 G. H. ENDERBY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 5, 1922 b sheets-sheet 3 INVENTUR g\ 6- lMZtlLb I ATTURN EYH Feb. 27, 1923. 1,447,127

G. H. ENDERBY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 5, 1922- b Sheen's-sheet 4 Fig.4.

INVENTOR- .Hflzzdenby,

AT TOR N EYS Feb. 27, 1923. 1,447,127

G. H. ENDERBY INTERNAL COIBUSTI 0N ENGINE Filed Feb. 3, 1922 5 sheebs-sneet 5.

[FIVE afar. GEE/7%? Patented Feb. 27, 1923.

PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE HENRY ENDERBY, OF PENZANCE, ENGLAND.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application fled February 3, 1922. Serial No. 588,958.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, GEORGE HENRY EN- DERBY, a sub'ect of the Kihg of Great Britain and Ire and, and residing at Mulfra, Orchard Terrace, Newlyn, Penzance, in the county of Cornwall, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements Relatin to Internal-Combustion Engines, of whic the following is a specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines of the type comprising one or more pairs of opposing istons connected to external linkwork, whic in turn is connected to the crank shaft of the engine.

The object of the invention is to improve the construction of internal combustion engines of the above mentioned type in such manner as to increase their efliciency in o eration by providing means for adequate y scavenging the working space or spaces an enabling an adequate supply of fresh air to be introduced for the next working stroke. In connection with such engines it has hitherto been proposed to arrange for the exhaust ports to be 0 ened before the inlet ports and to be close after the inlet ports, but in contradistinction to this invention the present invention consists in an internal combustion engine of the type referred to in which the exhaust ports are both opened and closed before the inlet ports. This arrangement enables a thorough scavenging of the working spaces to take place and at the same time enables a charge of air to be forced into the cylinder before the compression commences so that the air in the cylinders will be under an initial pressure at the commencement of each compression stroke.

The invention also consists in an internal combustion engine comprising one or two pairs of opposed pistons, the pistons of each pair being op ositelymovable and coaxially arranged, an the two pairs being arranged with their axes parallel, a pair of rocking 48 levers each connecting a iston in one pair to the ad'acent piston in iihe other pair, and

I a pair 0 connecting rods respectively connecting one end of one of the levers to a common crank pin or its equivalent which is 50 rotatable about an axis at the centre of the engine. i

The invention also comprises the utilization of the unequal movements obtained in each pair of pistons due to the disposition of the connecting rods for opening and closing the exhaust and air inlet ports at different intervals.

The accompanying drawings illustrate two modes of carrying out the invention.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of one form of engine in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the valve operation of the engine shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an end elevation, partly in section. of the engine shown in Fig. 1.

Figures 4 and 5 are respectively a sectional elevation and side elevation (half in section) of a second form of engine in accordance with the invention.

Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating the valve operation of the engine shown in Figs.

d 4 and 5.

In one manner of constructing a two- .stroke engine in accordance with this invention for operating on the Diesel or semi- Diesel principle, and as illustrated in F igures 1 to 3, two cylinders a, b, are used and these are arranged with their axes parallel. In each cylinder there is provided a pair of oppositely movable pistons 01', a, and b and b, the space for the working fluid being provided between the adjacent ends of the pistons. At the outer ends of the cylinders centrally pivoted rocking levers c, d, are mounted, the pistons at one end of the cylinders being connected to one lever and the others at the opposite end of the cylinder being connected to the other lever. At a central position between the cylinders is arranged a crank haft e, which by means of a common crank pin f is connected by a pair of connecting rods 9 to diagonally opposite ends of the rocking levers. For balancing purposes another pair of connecting rods may be arranged in conjunction with the first pair at the opposite side of the engine.

At positions near the outer limits of the piston movements, each cylinder is provided with an exhaust port or ring of exhaust ports h and anair inlet port or ring of inlet ports 1?, one piston serving to control one series of ports, and the other piston in the same pair the other series of ports. When these ports are uncovered exhaust gas escapes throu h h and fresh air is admitted through 2'. ue to the arrangements above described the pistons in each pair move with a certain inequality, one reaching the end of its stroke a little before the other, and this enables an important advantage to be obtained in the control of the said ports. The exhaust port is opened before the air inlet ort and is closed before the air inlet port. By this device a thorough scavenging of each working s ace can be insured, an adequate supply of resh air for the next workin stroke can be introduced, and if desire the air can be forced into the cylinders at the commencement of each compression stroke under an initial pressure.

The diagram in Figure 2 shows the relative positions of the various parts at different positions in the stroke, the respective ports being shown at h and 2' while the arcs in represent the paths of the ends of the rocking levers c d, the circle I represents the path of the crank pin centre and the arrows in. 21. represent the inward and outward movements respectively of the pistons in the two cylinders.

The diagram has been plotted to show the positions of the respective pistons with the crank pins in the positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively, the corresponding positions of the points representing the connection between the lefthand piston rods and rocking levers and the positions of the lefthand pistons being similarly indicated while on the right-hand side of the diagrams these various positions are indicated by the references 1', 2', 3, 4', 5', 6 and 7' respectively. Reference to this diagram will show that in the working of the engine the exhaust ports both open and close before the inlet ports. For example, considering the upper part of the diagram the left-hand piston travels from the point 1 to the point 2, completely closing the exhaust port, while the right hand piston travels from the point 1' to the point 2' showing that the inlet" port is not yet closed. Similarly on the return stroke the left-hand piston a reaches from the point 7 when the right hand piston arrives at the point 7' so that the exhaust port is also closed before the inlet port. i

The scaven ing air may be supplied from a separa pump or ump delivering air into a receiver or directiy into the cylinders, but preferably a pump piston is ar ranged in the form of an annular enlargement )5 on each piston as shown, the purnp' piston operating in an annular. cylinder formed coaxially with the main cylinder.

When operating on the Diesel or semi- Diesel principle any suitable means may be employed for introducing the fuel oil at the with carburetted air, like an ordinar end of the compression stroke, for instance, an injection pi e a.

If desired t e engine may be operated petrol or other oil vapour en inc, any suitable means being then provide for igniting the charge after compression.

Figure 3 is a similar view to Figure 1 illustrating the application of H1 invention to an engine of t e type referre to having a single cylinder and a single pair of pistons only. Similar letters of reference are used in this figure to denote the parts which are similar to those shown in Figure 1 and it is thought that further description is unnecessary except to point out that when applying the invention to a single cylinder engine it is necessary in order to provide for the opening and closing of the exhaust ports before the inlet ports, to connect the connecting rods 1 to the separate crank pins and f, while the centre line of the cran shaft 6 is located a suitable distance (shown by the reference letter .9 in Figure 5) above the line tangential to the arcs in which the lower or outer extremities of the rocking levers move.

Reference to the diagram in Figure 6 shows that in this form also the same sequence of valve opening is obtained.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, opposed pistons axially movable in said cylinder toward and away from each other, an air inlet port arranged in said cylinder and adapted to be controlled covers the air inlet port on the compression stroke.

2. An internal combustion engine including a pair of parallel cylinders each having an' inlet port and an exhaust port. a pair of opposed pistons arranged in each cylinder and movable toward and away from each other, one piston of each pair controlling the opening and closing of the air inlet port of the cylinder with which it is associated and the other piston of the same pair controlling the opening and closing of the exhaust port of the same cylinder, levers each pivotally connected of said cylinders uncover the exhaust ports to one of t e pistons in one cylinder and to before the opening of the air inlet ports in 10 the adjacent piston in the other cylinder, a the same cylinder and close said exhaust ower shaft having a crank portion and ports before the closing of the air inlet 5 inks of equal length connecting the crank ports.

portion of said wer shaft to diaipnally In testimony whereof I have signed my 0 posite ends 0 said levers, where y the name to this s ification.

pistons controlling the exhaust ports of one GEOR E HENRY ENDERBY. 

